To begin with the late war. The Americans turned the success of the law of the war at both ends of the line, General Monkton took Beausejour, in Nova Scotia, with fifteen hundred Provincial Troops and about two hundred Regulars. Sir William Johnson, in the other part of America, changed the face of the war to success with a Provincial Army, which took Baron Bicskau prisoner. But, sir, the glories of the war, under the united British and American arms, are recent in every ones memory. Suffice it to decide this question, that the Americans bore, even in our judgement, more than their full proportion; that this House did annually vote them an acknowledgement of their zeal and strenuous efforts, and a compensation for the excess of their zeal and expenses, above their due proportion. They kept, one year with another, near twenty-five thousand men pit foot, and lost in the war the flower of their youth. How strange must It appear to them to hear of nothing down to March 14, 1763, but encomiums upon their active zeal and strenuous efforts; and then, no longer after than the year 1764, in such a trice of time, to see the tide turn, and from that hour to this to hear it asserted that they were a burthen upon the common cause; asserted even in that same Parliament, which bad voted them compensations for the, liberality and excess of their services.

Nor did they stint their services to North America; they followed the British arms out of their Continent to the Havana. And Martinique, after the complete conquest of America. And so they had done in the preceding war. They were not grudging of their exertions; they were at the siege of Carthagena; yet what was Carthagena, to them, but as members of the common cause, of the glory of this country? In that war, too, sir, they took Louisbourg from the French, single-handed, without any European assistance: as mettled an enterprise as any in our history!—an everlasting memorial of the zeal, courage, and perseverance of the Troops, of New England. The men themselves dragged the cannon over a morass which had always been thought impassable, where neither horses nor oxen could go, and they carried the shot upon their backs. And what was their reward for this forward and spirited enterprise? for the reduction of this American Dunkirk Their reward, sir, you know very well; it was given tip for a barrier to the Dutch. The only conquest in that war which you had to give up, which would have been an effectual barrier to them against the French power in America, though conquered by themselves, was surrendered for foreign barrier. As a substitute for this, you settle Halifax for a Placed Armes, leaving the limits of the Province of Nova Scotia as a matter of contest with the French, which could not fail to prove, as it did, the case of another war. Had you kept Louisbourg instead of settling Halifax, the Americans may say, at least, that there would not have been that pretext for imputing the late war to their account. It has been their forwardness in your case that made them the objects of the French resentment the war of 1744, at your requisition, they was the, aggressors with the French in America. We know the orders, given to Monsieur D'Anville, to destroy and lay aft their Sea-port Towns in ashes; and we know the cause of that resentment: it was to revenge their conquest of Louisbourg.

Whenever Great Britain has declared war, they have taken_ their part. They were engaged in King Williams wars, and Queen Annes, even in their infancy. They conquered Acadia in the last century for us, and we then gave it up. Again, in Queen Annes war they conquered Novascotia from that time, has always belonged to Great Britain. They have been engaged in more than one expedition to Canada, ever foremost to partake of honour, an ganger with the mother country.

Well, sir. What have we done for them? Have we conquered the country for them from the Indians? Have we cleared it? Have we drained it? Have we made it habitable? What have done for them? I believe precisely nothing at all but just keeping watch and ward over their trade, that they should receive nothing but from our-selves, and own price. I will not positively say, that we have spent nothing; though I do not recollect any such article upon our Journals; but I mean, not any material expense inserting them out as Colonists. The Royal Military Government of Nova Scotia cost, indeed, not a little sum; above £500,000 for its plantation, and its first years. Had your other Colonies cost any thing similar, either in their outset or support, there would have been something to say on that side; but, instead of that, they have been left to themselves for one hundred or one hundred and fifty years, upon the fortune and capital of private adventurers, to encounter every difficulty and danger. What Towns have we built for them? What deserts have we cleared? What country have we conquered for them from the Indians Name the Officers; name the Troops; the Expeditions; their dates. Where are they to be found? Not in the Journals of this Kingdom. They are no where to be found.

In all the wars which have been common to us and them, they have taken their full share. But in all their own dangers, in all the difficulties belonging separately to their situation, in all the Indian wars which did not immediately concern us, we left them to themselves, to struggle their way through. For the whim of a Minister, you can bestow half a million to build a Town, and to plant a Royal Colony of Nova Scotia; a greater sum than you have bestowed upon every other Colony together, since their foundation.

And notwithstanding all these, which are the real facts, now that they have struggled through their difficulties, and begin to hold up their heads, and to show, that Empire which promises to be the foremost in the world, we claim, them and theirs, as implicitly belonging to us, without any consideration of their own rights. We charge them with ingratitude, without the least regard to truth, just as if this Kingdom had, for a century and a half, attended to no other object; as if all our revenue, all our power, all our thought, had been bestowed upon them, and all our national debt had been contracted in the Indian Wars of America, totally forgetting the subordination in commerce and manufactures, in which we have bound them; and for which, at least, we owe them help towards their protection.

Look at the preamble, of the Act of Navigation, and every American Act, and see if the interests of this country is not the avowed object. If they make a Hat or a piece of Steel, an Act of Parliament calls it a nuisance: a Tilting Hammer, a Steel Furnace, must be abated in America as a nuisance. Is it so with their fellow-subjects on this side of the Atlantic? Are the Hats and Cloths of Gloucestershire nuisances? Are the Tilting Hammers of Pontipool nuisances? Are the Cutleries of Sheffield and Birmingham nuisances? Are the Stockings of Nottingham nuisances? Are the Linens of Scotland, Ireland, or Broomsgrove, nuisances? Are the Woollen Cloths of Yorkshire, the Crapes of Norwich, or the Cottons of Manchester, nuisances? Sir, I speak from facts. I call your Books of Statutes and Journals to witness. With the least recollection, every one must acknowledge the truth of these facts.

But, it is said, the Peace Establishment of North America has been, and is, very expensive to this country. Sir, for what has been, let us take the Peace Establishment be fore 1739, and 1748. All that I can find in your Journals, is four Companies kept up at New-York, and three Companies in Carolina. As to the four Companies at New-York, this country should know best why they put them selves to that expense; or whether they were really at any expense at all; for these were Companies of fictitious men. Unless the money was repaid into the Treasury, it was applied to some other purpose; for these Companies were not a quarter full. In the year 1754, two of them were sent up to Albany, to attend Commissioners to treat with the Six Nations, to impress them with a high idea of our military power; to display all the pomp and circumstance of war before them, in hopes to scare them; when, in truth, we made a very ridiculous figure. The whole complement of the two Companies, did not exceed thirty, tattered, tottering invalids, fitter to scare the crows. This information I have had from eye-witnesses.

It has not fallen in my way to hear any account of the three Carolina Companies: these are trifles, The substantial question is, what material expense have you been at in the periods alluded to, for the Peace Establishment of North America? Ransack your Journals, search your publick offices for Army or Ordnance expenses. Make out your bill, and let us see what it is. No one yet knows it. Had there been any such, I believe the Administration